Understanding the Physiological Links Between Physical Frailty and Cognitive Decline

Ma Lina, Chan Piu

Table 1 The potential biomarkers between physical frailty and cognitive decline.

Physiological links Potential biomarkers Chronic inflammation IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, CRP, IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, IL-1Ra, sTNFR1 Impaired HPA stress response DHEA-S, GH, Cortisol, testosterone Imbalanced energy metabolism IGF-1, SIRT1, Ghrelin Endocrine dysregulation IR, vaspin, adiponectin, leptin Mitochondrial dysfunction mtDNA Oxidative stress ROS Genomic markers APOEε4, APOEε3, IL-6 rs1800796, TNF rs1800629, IL-18 rs360722, IL1-beta rs16944, COMT rs4680, COMT rs4646316, BDNF, CRP rs1205, IL-10 1082CC, IL-1α rs1800587, IL-1β rs1143634 Metabolomic markers LPC 18:2, LPC 18:1