Immune Characteristics of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Dong Xiaotian, Wang Mengyan, Liu Shuangchun, Zhu Jiaqi, Xu Yanping, Cao Hongcui, Li Lanjuan

Table 2 Characteristics of serum cytokines of COVID-19 patients at diagnosis.

Cytokines Normal range COVID-19 patients (n = 17) Nucleic acid-positive < 15 days (n = 11) Nucleic acid-positive ≥ 15 days (n = 6) p value1 IFN-γ (pg/mL) 0.00-20.06 13.08 ± 15.96 9.06 ± 8.69 20.45 ± 23.75 0.302 IL-10 (pg/mL) 0.00-2.31 5.83 ± 4.91 4.15 ± 3.29 8.92 ± 6.14 0.052 IL-2 (pg/mL) 0.00-4.13 1.26 ± 0.55 1.08 ± 0.36 1.6 ± 0.71 0.143 IL-4 (pg/mL) 0.00-8.37 2.05 ± 1.93 1.50 ± 0.24 3.05 ± 3.14 0.281 IL-6 (pg/mL) 0.00-6.61 29.51 ± 19.10 23.82 ± 15.38 39.94 ± 22.20 0.097 TNF-α (pg/mL) 0.00-33.27 38.44 ± 41.46 22.49 ± 20.92 67.69 ± 55.14 0.103