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Clinical Factors Associated with Progression and Prolonged Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Study
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Feng Zhichao, Li Jennifer, Yao Shanhu, Yu Qizhi, Zhou Wenming, Mao Xiaowen, Li Huiling, Kang Wendi, Ouyang Xin, Mei Ji, Zeng Qiuhua, Liu Jincai, Ma Xiaoqian, Rong Pengfei, Wang Wei
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| Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 564 COVID-19 patients according to disease severity. |
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| Characteristics | Total
(n =564) | Severe or critical
(n = 69) | Mild or moderate
(n = 495) | P |
|---|
| Age (years) | 47 (36-58) | 59 (51-66) | 45 (35-56) | < 0.001 | | Male gender | 284 (50.4%) | 39 (56.5%) | 245 (49.5%) | 0.274 | | Smoking history | 47 (8.3%) | 9 (13.0%) | 38 (7.7%) | 0.131 | | Comorbidity | | | | | | Any | 132 (23.4%) | 37 (53.6%) | 95 (19.2%) | < 0.001 | | Hypertension | 82 (14.5%) | 21 (30.4%) | 61 (12.3%) | < 0.001 | | Diabetes | 45 (8.0%) | 12 (17.4%) | 33 (6.7%) | 0.002 | | Cardiovascular disease | 22 (3.9%) | 6 (8.7%) | 16 (3.2%) | 0.062 | | COPD | 16 (2.8%) | 9 (13.0%) | 7 (1.4%) | < 0.001 | | Cerebrovascular disease | 5 (0.9%) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.0%) | 0.878 | | Chronic renal disease | 3 (0.5%) | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.045 | | Hepatitis B/C infection | 9 (1.6%) | 3 (4.4%) | 6 (1.2%) | 0.151 | | Malignancy | 4 (0.7%) | 1 (1.5%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.987 | | Immunodeficiency | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2%) | 0.249 | | Obesity | 49 (8.7%) | 10 (14.5%) | 39 (7.9%) | 0.068 | | Symptoms or signs | | | | | | Fever | 357 (63.3%) | 58 (84.1%) | 299 (60.4%) | < 0.001 | | Cough | 323 (57.2%) | 37 (53.6%) | 286 (57.8%) | 0.513 | | Fatigue | 87 (15.4%) | 8 (11.6%) | 79 (16.0%) | 0.347 | | Myalgia | 25 (4.4%) | 3 (4.4%) | 22 (4.4%) | 0.783 | | Sputum production | 51 (9.0%) | 6 (8.7%) | 45 (9.1%) | 0.915 | | Anorexia | 26 (4.6%) | 6 (8.7%) | 20 (4.0%) | 0.084 | | Diarrhea | 18 (3.2%) | 4 (5.8%) | 14 (2.8%) | 0.343 | | Dyspnea | 26 (4.6%) | 7 (10.1%) | 19 (3.8%) | 0.019 | | Hemoglobin, g/L | 131 (121-143) | 131 (119-142) | 132 (121-144) | 0.258 | | Platelet count, ×109/L | 182 (143-236) | 163 (138-234) | 183 (144-237) | 0.390 | | Blood leukocyte count, ×109/L | 4.8 (3.7-6.1) | 5.6 (3.9-8.3) | 4.7 (3.6-5.9) | 0.004 | | Neutrophil count, × 10?/L | 3.0 (2.2-4.2) | 4.4 (2.7-6.8) | 2.9 (2.2-3.9) | < 0.001 | | Lymphocyte count, × 10?/L | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 0.7 (0.5-1.1) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | < 0.001 | | Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 20.3 (15.0-30.4) | 24.7 (16.8-41.0) | 20.0 (15.0-29.5) | 0.011 | | Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 24.3 (19.5-31.5) | 35.0 (25.6-47.0) | 23.8 (19.0-29.0) | < 0.001 | | Total bilirubin, μmol/L | 11.9 (8.7-17.6) | 11.8 (9.0-17.4) | 11.9 (8.7-17.6) | 0.887 | | Albumin, g/L | 39.0 (35.7-42.4) | 35.4 (31.7-38.3) | 39.4 (36.4-42.7) | < 0.001 | | Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 4.0 (3.2-5.0) | 4.9 (3.7-6.2) | 3.9 (3.1-4.8) | < 0.001 | | Creatinine, μmol/L | 59.0 (46.8-74.0) | 65.1 (53.0-84.0) | 58.2 (46.2-72.9) | 0.002 | | Sodium, mmol/L | 137.6 (135.4-140.1) | 135.4 (133.3-137.2) | 138.0 (135.9-140.3) | < 0.001 | | Potassium, mmol/L | 4.0 (3.6-4.3) | 3.9 (3.5-4.3) | 4.0 (3.6-4.3) | 0.493 | | Creatine kinase, U/L | 70.8 (48.0-112.8) | 81.7 (48.0-181.2) | 70.0 (48.0-109.3) | 0.092 | | Lactose dehydrogenase, U/L | 189.0 (152.0-244.0) | 304.4 (236.8-378.5) | 183.6 (148.3-230.3) | < 0.001 | | D-dimer ≥ 0.05 mg/L | 269 (47.7%) | 44 (63.8%) | 225 (45.5%) | 0.004 | | Procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/L | 207 (36.7%) | 38 (55.1%) | 169 (34.1%) | 0.001 | | C-reactive protein ≥ 10 mg/L | 286 (50.7%) | 61 (88.4%) | 225 (45.5%) | < 0.001 | | Abnormal CT findings | 516 (91.5%) | 68 (98.6%) | 448 (90.5%) | 0.025 | | Lung CT score | 6 (4-11) | 15 (10-21) | 6 (3-9) | < 0.001 |
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