A Perspective on Roles Played by Immunosenescence in the Pathobiology of Alzheimer's Disease

Zhao Yan, Zhan Jun-Kun, Liu Youshuo

Table 1 Alterations in the cellular components of innate and adaptive immunity associated with aging.

Immune cells or their products Changes related to AD pathology Ref. Innate immunity Microglia Ability to phagocytose Aβ fibrils ↓ [71] Production of proinflammatory cytokines ↑ [72,73] Monocyte/Macrophage Functional proinflammatory response ↓ [69] Phagocytosis and chemotaxis ↓ [78] The imbalance between M1 and M2 ↑ [83] Natural killer cells Number of NK cells and cytotoxic activity ↓ [88] Adaptive immunity T cells Th1/IFNγ IFNγ signaling activation supports neural circuits ↓ [93] Th2/IL-4 IL-4 stimulates astrocytes to produce BDNF ↓ [94] Treg cells Frequency of Treg cells ↑ [98] B cells Antibody specificity and affinity ↓ [103] Aβ antibody levels ↓ [108]